Numerous cell signaling pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of VILI.
Dysfunctional mitochondria are involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic heart disease.
It is intuitive that the hypothalamus and the trigeminal system are involved in the pathophysiology of CH.
Outcomes of the present study suggest that HO-1 and GSK-3β enzymes are involved in the pathophysiology of HD.
Increasing evidence indicates that glial pathology and blood brain-barrier (blood brain-barriere involved in the pathophysiology of depression.
Somatosensory abnormalities in extra-trigeminal region may suggest that central mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of TMD pain [7, 21].
Disturbances in serotonergic systems are found in completed and attempted suicides, and the serotonergic systems are involved in the pathophysiology of both migraine and affective disorders [29].
This further confirms the generally accepted knowledge that, apart from central mechanisms, peripheral mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of M-TMD [40].
These same neurotransmitters are involved in the pathophysiology of migraine; therefore they suggested it may dispose those children to attention deficit.
Complex signaling networks are undoubtedly involved in regulating such diverse functions as mood, appetite, and wakefulness and therefore are involved in the pathophysiology of mood and vegetative symptoms.
Moreover, CH patients might be biologically more vulnerable to compulsive pursuit of legal and illegal substances for a partial overlap/sharing of pathways which mediate addiction and are involved in the pathophysiology of CH.
