Exact(10)
A key feature of our methods is that the signals being sensed are treated as random variables and are integrated out in the likelihood.
We estimated our models with collapsed Gibbs sampling [ 18], where some of the parameters are integrated out and latent variables are sampled.
If the unknown parameters θ are integrated out as in equation 4, the posterior model probability incorporates a balance between complexity and fit.
As model parameters are integrated out in this procedure, the model evidence includes a complexity term that penalizes models with more parameters, e.g., more columns in the design matrix in a general linear model.
This is necessary because the random effects are on the individual level and therefore they are integrated out before the individual log-likelihoods are weighted with the a posteriori probabilities in the M-step.
In the H-step, the random effects are integrated out.
Similar(49)
The frailty (random effect) can be integrated out (in closed form or by numerical or stochastically integration, depending on the frailty distribution) to get a likelihood function not depending on unobserved quantities [ 19].
It will be integrated out through our stochastic sampling.
In some specific situations, these chain orientational degrees of freedom can be integrated out, and the quasi-static approximation is valid.
We show that under particular assumptions on the sampling scheme the unobserved confounders can be integrated out conditioning on the empirical distribution of covariates and policy variable within the cluster.
There is only one type of input, so the PDF Q is a delta function that can be integrated out. 2.
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