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Other kinds of specific interactions with plants are indirect; for instance, some reduviids prey on insects associated with a particular plant species [18] [20].
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All other shortest pathways were indirect (for further details see Supplement XI).
The transmission might have been indirect; for instance, fruit could have been contaminated by animal droppings.
Or quotations can be indirect (for example: "Ms. Nguyen said that the fishermen were cousins and appeared to be in their mid-30's but that she had no exact age").
While changes in the aerial parts are more obvious, root phenotypes have also likely changed, although their selection may have been indirect — for example via selection for drought avoidance, flooding tolerance or yield traits.
The cardiac morphology defect when BT10 is added at later stages may be indirect, for example due to abnormalities in the vascular or hematopoietic systems.
The skeletal effects of PPAR agonists may also be indirect, for instance through regulation of adipokine production in adipose tissue.
Alternatively, these effects could be indirect, for example triggered by oligodendrocytes that appear physically stressed in an inflammatory milieu (see Fig 2 Butt et al, (2004)).
While our simulations confirm an important influence of SORLA on β-secretase, this influence may also be indirect, for example by effecting trafficking of cofactors essential for enzyme activity.
The fact that the ddb1b-2 det1 double mutant suppresses the det1 chlorophyll phenotype suggests the two proteins are not acting together in this instance, and that this suppression may be indirect, for example via another complex.
One hypothesis could be that CspC may bind to aceA mRNA stabilizing it, probably by preventing access of RNAses, but we cannot exclude the possibility that this effect could be indirect, for example mediated by a small regulatory RNA.
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