The reasons for the difference are not clear, although the authors point out that cities like New York often have aggressive anti-smoking policies and make it harder for people to eat trans fats, and drink sugary sodas — which are implicated in common diseases like obesity and diabetes.
Additionally, lysosomal Ca2+ store defects are implicated in common neurodegenerative diseases, such as familial Alzheimer's disease (Coen et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2015).
At this point, some 850 sites on the genome, most of them near genes, have been implicated in common diseases, said Eric S. Lander, director of the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Mass., and a leader of the HapMap project.
Noradrenergic (NA) neurons are critical modulators of brain functions and have been implicated in common CNS disorders [ 18].
Intestinal epithelial injury, particularly that related to the stem cells and ER stress, is implicated in common digestive diseases, including inflammatory bowl diseases and inflammation-associated cancer.
Moreover, we have specifically focused on those SNP pairs with high LD (so that each one can be used to tag the other) in a relevant subset of genes, as most of them may be implicated in common diseases.
Although FOXP2 mutations seem to contribute to only a relatively small number of language disorder cases, it seems likely that variations in the genes it controls, such as CNTNAP2, may be implicated in common forms of language impairment.
In humans, these metals have been implicated in common chronic diseases including cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease [ 8], diabetes [ 9], skeletal disorders [ 10, 11], renal disorders [ 12, 13], and cancer [ 14– 14].
Genes involved with energy utilization have also been implicated in common obesity, with replicated associations shown for genes encoding β-adrenergic receptors 2 and 3, hormone-sensitive lipase, and mitochondrial uncoupling proteins 1, 2, and 3 [ 12].
Endothelial abnormalities are implicated in many diseases, including common acute conditions with high morbidity and mortality lacking therapy, in part because drugs and drug carriers have no natural endothelial affinity.
Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in the cause of the common cold; the rhinoviruses are the most common.
