Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated as playing a major role in the development of cardiac fibrosis.
A number of genes are implicated as playing important roles in the generation of HSCs.
Further, many miRs, including miR-24-2, are implicated as playing a role in cell proliferation and apoptosis, but their specific target genes and the pathways contributing to them remain unexplored.
E-cadherin, the primary epithelial adherens junction protein, has been implicated as playing a critical role in nucleating formation of adherens junctions, tight junctions, and desmosomes.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated as playing a causal role in Barrett's esophagus, the metaplastic precursor to esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) and gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinomas (GEJACs).
The phenotype of some of the commonly reported premonitory symptoms such as yawning, mood change and sleep disturbance suggest the involvement of brainstem and hypothalamic structures, including dopaminergic nuclei and such nuclei have already been implicated as playing a role in trigeminocervical nociception [22].
A number of cellular factors have been implicated as playing significant roles in regulating hTERT gene expression, among which are the proto-oncogene Sp1/Sp3, c-myc, Ets2 transcription factor (Wu et al., 1999; Kyo et al., 2000; Xu et al., 2008; Horn et al., 2013; Huang et al., 2013; Borah et al., 2015; Cheng et al., 2015), and the Smad3 repressor (Hu et al., 2006; Li et al., 2006).
Recently, interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated as playing a role in the regulation of human SCs in response to damaging eccentric contractions [20].
Other than MS, EBV infection has also been implicated as playing some role in the pathogenesis of certain malignancies (e.g., nasopharyngeal carcinoma, EBV-positive Hodgkin lymphoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma) as well as in several autoimmune disorders such as Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus [67].
Although PS has no direct effect on AKT1 activity [35], it has been implicated as playing a role in PIP3-induced full AKT1 activation since the translocation of AKT1 may require the interaction of PHD-AKT1with membrane PIP3 and PS [36].
One such nutrient is fatty acids, which have been implicated as playing a role in cardiovascular disease.
