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The non-dynamic threshold procedure does have some attractive features in that the optimal thresholds are estimated through a least squares estimator.
The weights for different observation groups are determined through the variance component estimation (VCE) approach, and unknown coefficients are estimated through the least squares adjustment.
Positions are estimated through the integration of the corrected velocities, and these estimations are corrected with respect to the constraint.
All the parameters are estimated through 1D searches.
The measurement model and structural model are estimated through partial least squares.
Unsteady and viscous effects are estimated through linear piston theory and Eckert's reference temperature method, respectively.
The relative effects of different factors are estimated through specially designed experiments.
The inertia and viscous friction are estimated through an unbiased least squares scheme.
Single and two phase heat transfer coefficients are estimated through appropriate empirical correlations.
The unknown upper bounds of the uncertainties, external disturbances are estimated through adaptive techniques.
Soil material damping properties are estimated through analysis of the field measurements.
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