The phrase "are established by reference" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used in contexts where you are discussing how certain rules, standards, or definitions are determined or set by referring to other documents or sources.
Example: "The guidelines for this project are established by reference to the industry standards outlined in the manual."
Alternatives: "are defined by reference" or "are determined by reference".
Channel 4 said its executives' salaries and benefit packages were "established by reference to those prevailing for executives of comparable status in the television and wider media industry, but without any of the share option schemes available to most of Channel 4's competitors".
On the basis of this standard curve, the activity of the samples is established by reference to the curve by extrapolation of obtained A/sec for each sample to obtain its concentration.
Some evolutionary changes can in principle occur in either direction; evolutionary direction in such cases can only be established by reference to other changes that can be polarized and their relationship to the topology of the tree.
The target values for the SCr levels are established by a JCTLM listed reference laboratory (Bonn, Germany) using an Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (ID-GC/MS) method [ 13, 14].
Possible feature matches (hypotheses) are established by searching corners within a circular area in the reference image.
The reference planes adopted in the present study are established by the sacral base (SB, Figure 2c).
According to the EMA, the goal of the clinical trial program is to "demonstrate similar efficacy and safety compared to the reference medicinal product, not patient benefit per se, which has already been established by the reference medicinal product" [ 8].
An unremarkable Obama reference to progressive taxation became "socialism," there was conjecture by Rep. Michele Bachmann, Republican of Minnesota, about his "anti-American views," and one almost longed for the naïve stages of the campaign, when the Democrat's elitism would be established by sly references to arugula.
However, in the approach described by Kroner the terms in the series were established by selecting a reference medium and numerically evaluating a complex series of nested convolution integrals.
The accuracy of the taxonomic annotations was established by comparing these reference sequences using BLAST in INSD to verify that the top hits were sequences from the same or closely related species in the same genus as generated by different studies.
