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The phrase "are described as data" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when explaining how certain elements or concepts are categorized or characterized in terms of data.
Example: "In the study, various phenomena are described as data to facilitate analysis and interpretation."
Alternatives: "are characterized as data" or "are defined as data".
Exact(1)
The main domains in the previously presented data governance framework (as shown in Figure 1) are described as: data accuracy: the accuracy of CEBS data is handled by collaboration between the data depositors and internal curation staff.
Similar(59)
The main part of the ESS transparency checklist deals with the model exercise which, in a more simplified way, could be described as data processing with a model.
Throughout this paper, data collected from these type of open-ended questions are described as 'qualitative' data.
Comprehensive results in agreement to ISCN (1995) are described as supplementary data (Supplementary Table 1).
Quantitative data are described as mean (range).
All data are described as proportions and medians (range) or means (±SD).
In this case the data are described as censored.
Data are described as means ± SD.
Data are described as frequencies and percentages.
Binary data are described as number of events.
Data are described as mean ± standard error (SEM).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com