However, ten's of keV kinetic energy negative ion beams with large emittances and energy spreads must first be decelerated down to <100 eV for ion gas interactions, placing special demands on the deceleration optics and RFQ design.
The calculation of grain destruction is performed until the shock velocity is decelerated down to 100 km s−1 (8 × 104 yr after the explosion).
Earnings per share at these companies are decelerating to 8% annually, down from the 11% to 14% rate of a decade ago, Morris said.
Although the electrons are decelerated when they travel down the column from the objective pole piece to the sample, electrons leaving the sample as BSEs are re-accelerated by the same amount.
However, bacteria in new environments can occasionally benefit from the genetic variation generated by bursts in IS transposition activity, and the burst-induced extinction of ISs can be decelerated by evolved down-regulation of transposition.
Argon ion beam was decelerated by a deceleration lens to ultra low energy ranging from about 1 keV down to a few tens of eV to bombard naked DNA plasmid pGFP to fluences of 1, 2 and 4 × 1015 ions/cm2.
The main advantages of ERL are that electron beam is generated at relatively low energy, injected and accelerated to the operational energy in a linac, and after the use is decelerated in the same linac down to injection energy, and, finally, dumped.
As we observed that overall gene expression is markedly slowed down by D2O for the fully functional cell, we can assume that either translation and/or maturation were decelerated in the presence of D2O.
Histological results revealed that OA progression, most notably cartilage loss down to and even below the tidemark in saline control mice, was decelerated with 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg of CL82198 injection, particularly with the 10 mg/kg dose.
