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In federal writing tests, 32 percent of girls are considered "proficient" or better.
This spring, the Black Star Project published findings that just 10percentt of eighth-grade Black boys in the U.S. are considered "proficient" in reading.
About 46percentt of white children are considered "proficient" in reading, compared with 18percentt of black children and 20percentt of Hispanic kids.
But principals, teachers and parents are still confounded when they see schools with excellent reputations wind up with lower grades than those where only 40 or 50percentt of students are considered proficient.
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Batting away any criticism that most of the city's students could not score high enough to be considered proficient in English or math, he said: "Are we where we want to be? No.
But judged by federal standards, only 34percentt were considered proficient, up from 30percentt in 2007.
With bookmark, 61 per cent of the students were considered proficient; with the contrasting-groups method, the pass rate was 22.7percentnt; and with Jaeger-Mills 10.5percentnt were proficient.
In 2007, only 34percentt of New York City's fourth graders and 22percentt of eighth graders were considered proficient on the federal math exam.
The mayor's explanation is likely to offer little consolation to teachers and parents of students who once were considered proficient and now are deemed behind.
In 2002, 31 percent of black students were considered proficient in math, for example, while 65 percent of white students met that standard.
Only one in 10 high school seniors scored well enough on the exam, the National Assessment of Educational Progress, to be considered proficient in American history, while 17percentt of eighth graders and 18percentt of fourth graders reached that level.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com