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Because the denominator of the F-statistic is not known exactly and the distributions of each of the involved factors are also unknown, the denominator degrees of freedom are conservatively calculated at 10 000 to reduce inflation of the type I error rate (Lande 1977).
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(4) CQI calculation: CQI of user u is conservatively calculated as follows: CQ I u = min j ∈ 1, …, 4 N b log det I + SINR u W PMI 1 u ( PMI 2 u ), W PMI 1 s ( j ), W k ( l ) = W 1 ( k ) W 2 ( l ).
The cost of each DVC was conservatively calculated to be C$8,723.85, placing the annual economic burden of DVCs for Calgary between C$1.8 and 4 million dollars.
In fact, the total cost of violence to the U.S. -- including lost productivity from violence -- was conservatively calculated to be over S460 billion.
Sterile cultures were conservatively calculated as 99.8% killing, which was the detection limit of the assay.
An induced DSB induces arrest for several generation times (Michelson et al, 2005), which can be conservatively calculated as a four-fold or 400% cell-cycle delay.
The number of unretrieved experiments averaging a null effect that would be required to reduce the effect size to a trivial level was conservatively calculated to be 87 (Mossbridge et al., 2012; see also, Mossbridge et al., 2014).
Simulated aerosol profiles with coarser resolution (5° longitude by 4° latitude) from GEOS-Chem are conservatively downscaled to 1.3° × 1° for CRM, which calculates aerosol-induced changes in diffuse and direct PAR based on Mie scattering processes.
Her clothes are conservatively cut.
A. Today, REIT's are conservatively leveraged.
Due to variation, our definition of a pathological VBR was conservatively based on standard deviations calculated from the included control group, merely confirming the impact of VBR on outcome.
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