For instance, phosphate binding sites are often conserved, whilst the rest of the substrate can be changed during evolution [ 13,14].
Furthermore, our study also suggested that the roles of HAP complex have been changed during evolution of aerobic fermentation.
These substitutions are likely to result in minor but not drastic changes in substrate specificity, suggesting that the enzyme activities have gradually been changed during evolution.
Genes involved in transport and consumption of glucose [ 30- 32], encoding global regulators of gene expression [ 33, 34] and DNA repair enzymes [ 27, 35] have been shown to be changed during evolution.
The parameter controlling the regularization is changed during the evolution of the dynamical system to render inefficient local solutions (which formerly were stable) unstable, thus conducting the system to escape from sub-optimal points, and so to improve the final results.
Therefore, the essentiality of CBF1 in cell survival has been changed during the evolution of aerobic fermentation, but it was not clear about the cause of lethality.
We further observed how these residues were changed during the evolution of teleosts, and suggested that substitutions of the four essential residues on LCE occurred prior to substitutions in the cleavage site of egg envelope protein.
Also, a new string representation for apartment building designs is proposed such that the size and the number of apartment units with stairs are not fixed and can be changed during the design evolution.
These repeats have changed during evolution, and were perhaps not captured well enough by the repeat masking procedure used in the public domain databases, from which we retrieved our repeat masked data.
These network properties could not be fixed as parameter values in the simulations because they were randomly varied at the initial states and were changed by evolution during the simulation runs.
