The phrase "are certainly associated" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to indicate a strong connection or relationship between two or more subjects.
Example: "The symptoms of the disease are certainly associated with a lack of proper nutrition."
Alternatives: "are definitely linked" or "are clearly connected".
While both the shared epitope and the PTPN22*C1858T allele are certainly associated with RA, the question of whether these associations are primarily with susceptibility or severity has proved difficult to determine because many previous studies have investigated cross-sectional series of hospital-based cases that often represent the severe end of the spectrum of disease.
Sensibility in perceiving internal states and the construct related to one's understanding of these states (insight) are certainly associated with the capability of understanding and expressing feelings [32].
The formation of lattice defects in the form of misfit dislocations between two adjacent layers and threading dislocations in the SiGe substrate are certainly associated with the identified defects. .
Because the clumps were not resolved, they may or may not include larger bodies, but are certainly associated with concentrations of microscopic dust as evidenced by their enhanced brightness when backlit by the Sun.
This led to the hypothesis that the age of menarche is directly linked to a critical degree of body fat [8]; however although prepubertal nutrition and the age of puberty are certainly associated in some way, this concept did not stand up to critical analysis of the data [9].
Smoking and emphysema are certainly associated, but these are two separate populations of patients that should not be equated.
This pattern is certainly associated with a rapid spread of pearl millet agriculture in Africa and India without major bottlenecks during diffusion.
However, it appears that although small drops in happiness were certainly associated with the economic recession, it was fairly robust even in the face of economic hardship.
Although Kimura was certainly associated with the classical view, I thought that immediate antecedents of his 1968 paper were molecular evolution rates rather than classical-balance arguments.
