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The phrase "are caused mainly" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when discussing the primary reasons or factors behind a particular phenomenon or event.
Example: "The issues we are facing are caused mainly by a lack of resources and insufficient planning."
Alternatives: "are primarily caused" or "are chiefly due to".
Exact(46)
Climate change and other global environmental changes deserve attention by the the humanities - they are caused mainly by human attitudes and activities and feed back to human societies.
Seismic liquefaction effects described in the chapter are caused mainly by cyclic shaking of level or nearly level ground.
Importantly, AD and LD are caused mainly by impairment of autophagy, which leads to accumulation of causal protein aggregates, such as Amyloid-β and Lafora bodies, respectively43,44.
But those death tolls that climb high into five and six figures are caused mainly by poverty, lack of preparation and endemic societal corruption.
In any case, wise companies should assume that their troubles are caused mainly by recession—something that has happened before, and that will disappear in time rather than by permanent new patterns of consumer behaviour.
Very long-periodic (or secular) part is most probably due to post-glacial rebound, shorter periodic part (with dominant annual period) are caused mainly by motions of the atmosphere and oceans.
Similar(14)
It is believed to be caused mainly by shadow hiding.
This type of diabetes is caused mainly by insulin resistance.
But again, the decline was caused mainly by domestic concerns.
The inefficiency is caused mainly by hadrons that undergo nuclear interactions in the tracker material.
The overuse of expensive tests is caused mainly by the practice of defensive medicine.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com