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These observations suggest that persistent T cell activation in HAM/TSP patients triggered by viral antigens, e.g., HTLV-1 tax, that are associated with Foxp3 downregulation may result in decline of the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cell population and accumulation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3− T cells that lack suppressive function but are capable of exacerbating the disease process.
Therefore, we hypothesized that persistent T cell activation in patients with HAM/TSP triggered by viral antigens such as HTLV-1 tax together with the downregulation of Foxp3 may result in decline of the CD4+CD25+CCR4+Foxp3+ Treg population and accumulation of Foxp3-negative CD4+CD25+CCR4+ T cells that lack suppressive function, but are capable of exacerbating the disease process.
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