are calculated against

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "are calculated against" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used in contexts where comparisons, assessments, or evaluations are made based on certain criteria or benchmarks. Example: "The final scores are calculated against the average performance of the previous year."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Formal & Business

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

12 human-written examples

Albedo errors are calculated against bi-directional reflectance data obtained from NASA airborne campaigns made by the Cloud Absorption Radiometer for the seven major surface types, binned using MODIS' land cover map – water, forest, cropland, grassland, snow, desert and cities.

Acta Astronautica

Energy demand reductions are calculated against the energy demand for the baseline scenario in 2030.

Energy Transitions

I'm surprised that the more expensive one wouldn't have a full gigabyte of RAM and I'd think that the costs here in the US (the $408 and $473 figures are calculated against Taiwanese dollars) would maybe be $399 and $499.

TechCrunch

All the cuts are calculated against 2013 spending levels approved by Congress, which do not include the roughly 5% across-the-board-cuts known as the sequester.

Science Magazine

Energy demand reductions are calculated against the energy demand in 2010 Political Increases the penetration of energy-efficient technologies compared to the Baseline scenario, according to the best judgment of the experts.

Energy Transitions

Energy demand reductions are calculated against the energy demand for the baseline scenario in 2030 Technological Increases the penetration of some technologies (those with the largest potential for improvement, according to the experts), but not for others, which become less competitive because of an also assumed decrease in natural gas prices.

Energy Transitions

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

47 human-written examples

The AR amount was calculated against an AR standard curve.

Cell Death and Disease

Based on the STFT method, fB was calculated against time (see Fig. 3(b)).

Nature

But the percentage increases are exaggerated because they were calculated against a very low base, the report said.

The New York Times

The percentage abundance of individual species was calculated against the total of agglutinated or calcareous tests in each sample.

Nature

Corrected Δ13C and CRR120 were calculated against serum phenylalanine levels to remove the effects of phenylalanine loading.

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "are calculated against", ensure that the baseline or standard being used for the calculation is clearly defined. This enhances clarity and avoids ambiguity.

Common error

Avoid failing to specify what the calculations are being made in relation to. For example, instead of saying "Profits are calculated against costs", it should read "Profits for this quarter are calculated against the costs from the previous quarter" to clarify the reference point.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "are calculated against" functions as a passive construction indicating a comparative assessment or evaluation. It positions a subject in relation to a benchmark or standard, as illustrated in Ludwig's examples where values like 'albedo errors' and 'energy demand reductions' are assessed against specific baselines.

Expression frequency: Uncommon

Frequent in

Science

70%

News & Media

20%

Formal & Business

10%

Less common in

Academia

0%

Encyclopedias

0%

Wiki

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The phrase "are calculated against" is a grammatically sound construction used to indicate a comparison or evaluation in relation to a specific standard or baseline. Ludwig AI confirms its correctness and usability. It is most frequently found in scientific and news contexts, highlighting its role in presenting data-driven assessments. While not as common as simpler alternatives, using "are calculated against" effectively communicates that a metric or value has been rigorously evaluated with respect to a reference point. Remember to clearly define the reference point for maximum clarity.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

are assessed relative to

Replaces "calculated" with "assessed" and "against" with "relative to", slightly altering the focus from a precise computation to a more general evaluation.

are evaluated in comparison to

Substitutes "calculated" with "evaluated" and adds "in comparison to", emphasizing the comparative aspect.

are benchmarked against

Replaces "calculated" with "benchmarked", suggesting a standardized comparison process.

are measured with respect to

Changes "calculated" to "measured" and "against" to "with respect to", framing the comparison in terms of measurement and reference.

are determined relative to

Replaces "calculated" with "determined", implying that the value is being established in relation to something else.

are referenced to

Changes "calculated against" to "referenced to", indicating a reliance on a standard or baseline.

are standardized based on

Substitutes "calculated against" with "standardized based on", suggesting a normalization process using a specific criterion.

are correlated with

Replaces "calculated against" to "correlated with", implying a statistical association rather than a direct computation.

are contrasted with

Substitutes "calculated against" with "contrasted with", highlighting the differences between two elements.

are compared to

Replaces "calculated against" with "compared to", offering a more general alternative that simply indicates a comparison is being made.

FAQs

How can I use "are calculated against" in a sentence?

Use "are calculated against" to indicate that values or metrics are being compared or assessed in relation to a specific standard or baseline. For example, "Test scores are calculated against the national average".

What can I say instead of "are calculated against"?

You can use alternatives like "are assessed relative to", "are evaluated in comparison to", or "are benchmarked against" depending on the specific context.

Which is correct, "are calculated against" or "are calculated with"?

"Are calculated against" is typically used when comparing values to a standard or baseline. "Are calculated with" is used when values are combined as inputs in a formula or calculation. The correct choice depends on the intended meaning.

What's the difference between "are calculated against" and "are based on"?

"Are calculated against" implies a comparative assessment against a standard. "Are based on" simply means that something is derived or reliant on certain information or principles, without necessarily involving a direct comparison.