The economy of the Iroquois (also known as Haudenosaunee) historically was based on communal production and combined elements of both horticulture and hunter-gatherer systems.
Fiske claimed that communal sharing relationships are based on a "principle of equivalence" that facilitates sharing and "makes it impossible to make graduated differentiations among people" (p. 716).
The Cossacks' social structure, which had traditionally been based on equality and communal landholding, deteriorated, particularly after 1869, when Cossack officers and civil servants were allowed to own land privately and rent it to outsiders.
The reformed legislative council, introduced in 1921 by the British, was based on principles of communal representation, which led the Tamils to realize that they were the minority ethnic group and that they should be represented by a member of their own community.
That, the Narodniki argued, would not apply to Russia, where peasant life was based on the traditional institution of communal land tenure, the mir.
Let's not forget that the 2004 Annan Plan was based on a bi-zonal bi-communal federation with a single sovereignty.
Land use is based on natural rangelands and takes place commercially on private land, traditionally on communal state land, and to a lesser extent through leasehold in protected areas.
The survey was based on a sample of 1,900 voters and showed that even among communal farmers, traditionally the power base for Mr. Mugabe and his party, 57percentt said they want a change of government.
Locke's account of political society is based on a hypothetical consideration of the human condition before the beginning of communal life.
For this purpose, we employ a framed field experiment that is based on a rangeland model for semi-arid regions and carried out with communal farmers in Namibia and South Africa.
