Sentence examples for are approximated by using from inspiring English sources

Doublet-point method is used for the calculation of supersonic unsteady aerodynamic forces, and aerodynamic forces are approximated by using the minimum-state approximation.

To this end, the objective function and the reliability constraints are approximated by using a hybrid form of linear, reciprocal and quadratic approximations.

Unknown variables are approximated by using appropriate shape functions.

In order to rationalize subsequent numerical calculations, the transfer functions are approximated by using truncated series.

The uncertain nonlinear functions in the flight vehicle model are approximated by using radial basis function neural networks.

where the spatial and temporal derivatives are approximated by using the classical central differencing and the implicit Euler method, respectively.

Through numerical simulation of the radiative heat transfer, polydisperse water droplets can be approximated by using the Sauter diameter, a technique that can be useful in several research fields, such as engineering and atmospheric science.

The PDF can be approximated by using square root B-spline expansions.

Because the unknown nonlinearities can be approximated by using fuzzy logic systems, our proposed method is more flexible and applicable.

The explanatory variable of interest is naturalisation, which is approximated by using information on place of birth and nationality.

The first term of the RHS of Eq. (4) is approximated by using a finite-difference method with.