Catheter venography and magnetic resonance venography are alternative imaging modalities capable of providing greater anatomical detail than ECD.
Rapid infusion of ice-cold saline is another alternative modality that is frequently effective, but lacks precise temperature control [ 12].
Both the Norwegian study from 2001 and the Swiss study from 2005 showed that employees within the same hospital do not always agree on whether a given treatment modality is alternative or not.
However, it is likely that alternative modalities of communication may be preferred by and will be more effective in selected subgroups of subjects, representing a new and interesting field of headache research and care.
Necroptosis is an alternative modality of programmed cell death.
The results show a marked inhibition of tumor growth and significant prolongation of survival time, suggesting that IL-12 plus CD gene transfer followed by 5-FC treatment may be an alternative modality for the human cancer treatment.
Magnetic resonance imaging would be an alternative modality for the assessment of pulmonary embolism and aortic pathology, and an MR exam of myocardial wall motion and perfusion could serve as a method to rule out hemodynamically relevant coronary pathology without radiation exposure [ 18, 19].
To this end, although we have focused our efforts on demonstrating how snowball sampling can be applied to RSFC, this approach could also be applied to alternative modalities of brain imaging (e.g., diffusion imaging).
A recent study comparing in-kind food assistance, food voucher, and unrestricted voucher programs in Idlib governorate found that in-kind food assistance is more costly than alternative modalities but may still be the most cost-effective strategy for achieving specific objectives or the only feasible option in some settings (Doocy et al. 2015).
There are a number of alternative modalities of intervention for preschool children with ASD in use with different theoretical background and orientation, each of which tend to use different trial designs and outcome measures.
