In a mathematical model, a start culture of 1000 cells having a random replication rate, according to a Poisson distribution an average replication rate of 0.5 hr−1, was allowed to replicate (and age).
The longer Ebola is allowed to replicate in humans, the greater the risk that it will become more contagious.
Not only would HIV-1 be allowed to replicate more rapidly in older adults, but there would also be less CD4+ T-cell reserves, due to the reduced numbers of CD4+ T-cells and their progeny.
With the aim of determining the optimal mutation rates that promote adaptation to S2, each population was allowed to replicate under a range of values of the new error rate (μ2) between 0.001 and 0.05.
P-gp DKO MEF monolayers were grown on 10-well glass slides (Thermo Fisher, Portsmouth, NH), infected with T. gondii at an MOI of 3 and parasites were allowed to replicate for 30 h at 37°C. 10 µM GF120918 was added in the last 4 h of replication, then cells were fixed with 3.6% formaldehyde, blocked and stained with anti-T.
Virus-containing supernatant was removed, and virus was allowed to replicate for 4 h.
Also, as they are administered live, the organism is allowed to replicate within the host allowing in vivo gene expression, thus making them less expensive [ 5].
The mutated genes were then re-introduced into the virus, and the mutant viruses were allowed to replicate in cells for several generations.
Molecular analysis of the specific kinds of mutations induced when a plasmid containing BPDE residues was allowed to replicate in human cells showed that BPDE induces mainly base substitution mutations, predominantly G C to T A transversions.
