RSK2 is one of four RSK serine-threonine kinases that are activated through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins are activated through tyrosine phosphorylation, mostly by cytokine receptor-associated JAKs.
Effector caspases are activated through intra-chain cleavage by active initiator caspases [ 16].
Plk1 and Aurora A are activated through phosphorylation within their respective activation loops (T210 in human Plk1, T288 in human Aurora A; Jang et al. 2002; Littlepage et al. 2002), and both kinases are also controlled by additional mechanisms.
We have previously shown that mtUPR responsive genes are activated through a CHOP element and transcriptional activation requires the hetero-dimerisation of the C/EBP homology protein CHOP and C/EBPβ (CAAT enhancer-binding protein) [9].
Before undergoing oxidative degradation, fatty acids are activated through esterification to Coenzyme A. The activation reaction, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL), which was up-regulated in –N cells.
Following traumatic insults to the optic nerve, retinal microglia cells are activated through MAP Kinase pathways and increased cytotoxic activity that causes retinal ganglion cell death [ 1].
The MAPKs are activated through phosphorylation on Thr and Tyr residues within the activation loop of the kinase domain.
Irrelevant to their size, all clot types involve the active destruction of blood cells, particularly of morula cells that are activated through the expression of the phenoloxidase system (PO; 12), not found in vertebrates.
Th17 and induced Foxp3+ Treg cells are activated through reciprocal mechanisms in vitro [16], [20] although further studies on the activation of these cells in vivo is warranted.
Instead, the material is embedded with cyan, yellow, and magenta dye crystals, which are activated through heat.
