Citizen arbitrators settled most conflicts, but when arbitration failed or the crime was particularly serious, juries representing the entire citizenry made the judgments and set the penalties.
Several rounds of negotiations and international arbitration failed to resolve the conflict, leading to a progressive breach of trust.
Efforts at arbitration failed in 1831, and the disputed area was the scene of the so-called Aroostook War of 1838 39.
Supporters of the bill, which would have sent the disputed contract to binding arbitration, failed to muster the two-thirds majority needed for passage.
Some decisions taken through arbitration fail to find implementation, however, and the government has been known to ignore or overturn unfavourable decisions.
Louis came down firmly in favour of Henry, but the French arbitration failed to achieve peace as the rebellious barons refused to accept the verdict.
Stephen Langton, the Archbishop of Canterbury, had been working with the rebel barons on their demands, and after the suggestion of papal arbitration failed, John instructed Langton to organise peace talks.
If there is a very high degree of noise in the observations of the arbitrator, then arbitration governance fails to increase investment levels above the level of unanimous surplus sharing.
