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The former affords (negation-) inconsistent but non-trivial theories (by rejecting 'explosion', the rule from a sentence and its negation to an arbitrary sentence).
Its origins are to be found in Hilbert's question concerning the decidability of predicate calculus: could there be an algorithm, a procedure, for deciding of an arbitrary sentence of the logic whether it was provable (The Entscheidungsproblem).
And even among those who accept it, there is little if any agreement about what generic criteria determine the form of an arbitrary sentence.[1] A remarkable fact about logical truth is that many have thought it plausible that the set of logical truths of certain rich formalized languages is characterizable in terms of concepts of standard mathematics.
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As Smith's tenure comes to a close, the space will be given over to a retrospective of his signature bold paintings, featuring odd, seemingly arbitrary sentences in a lo-fi, blocky typeface.
A senior Justice Department official urged Congress on Wednesday to lower the mandatory minimum prison sentence for the sale and possession of crack cocaine to match the punishment for powder cocaine, eliminating arbitrary sentencing disparities that have resulted in many more African-Americans' being jailed for longer terms.
In the same statement, it condemned what it called the "arbitrary sentences" China handed down on Tuesday for 30 Tibetans, with terms ranging from three years to life in prison for convictions on charges that include attacking the police, burning vehicles and looting stores.
A set of ten arbitrary sentences was selected and processed by such three approaches in each test group.
On the other hand, while the Budanovs get early release, the former oligarch and founder of the Yukos oil company, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, and his colleagues suffer arbitrary sentences on tax fraud charges and are spending years behind bars.
He too argues that Larson and Ludlow's account fails when viewed as a part of the Davidsonian project of accounting for the meanings of sentences, and thus accounting for what speakers know in virtue of which they can understand arbitrary sentences with which they are competent, in terms of offering a Tarskian truth theory for the language.
Imprisonment in Jesus' day included many inequities and injustices--brutal treatment, long and arbitrary sentences, struggling peasants imprisoned for defaulting on loans from rich and often unscrupulous lenders.
Because the fundamental question we must address as a society is what do we seek to achieve with entirely arbitrary sentences which are both morally and financially out of proportion with the severity of the crimes committed.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com