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For each tree shape, we can condition on a single arbitrary labeling of individuals by setting terms in the GF that are incompatible with it to zero.
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This implies that the spacetime coordinates are nothing more than arbitrary labels for the identification of physical events, or, in Einstein's rhetorical embellishment, that space and time have lost "the last remnant of physical objectivity".
It's just the show assigning her another arbitrary label. .
Suppose we start with one electron at a certain place and time (this place and time being given the arbitrary label A) and a photon at another place and time (given the label B).
However, α is an arbitrary label, which does not refer to any fixed entity.
NRPD2/E2-a and NRPD2/E2-b are arbitrary labels that denote the two paralogs found in Viola and Allexis.
Sometimes the Watson and Crick strands are used as arbitrary labels, equivalent to "this strand" and "that strand" [ 22- 24].
This is demonstrated by the increasing RRs from top to bottom in Table 5, an artifact of assigning arbitrary labels to the mixtures based on increasing O3 concentration.
After dissected discs were mounted on slides, samples were given an arbitrary label and all subsequent imaging and data analysis was carried out blind.
Note that NRPD2/E2-a and NRPD2/E2-b are arbitrary labels, and that NRPD2/E2-a and NRPD2/E2-b in Euphorbiaceae, Salicaceae and Violaceae are not orthologous to each other.
Label switching problems can also arise in Bayesian inference about mixture models, whenever we try to compute marginal distributions for parameters which depend upon an arbitrary labelling of the component populations of the mixture.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com