The continuity equation only gives information about the curl-free part of this circuit, and an arbitrary divergence-free part may be added.
Thus the crucial quantity for correcting divergence-based ascertainment is the probability of our ascertainment condition, which can be incorporated at a site by site basis to correct for arbitrary levels of divergence (see Figure 3).
To distinguish diverged genes from those conserved between two compared genomes, we defined an arbitrary standard for significant divergence; i.e. when the % identity or the % length of the match are lower than the genome-wide means by more than two standard deviations (SDs).
Marine metagenomics studies rely on a pragmatic species concept; sequences are declared as being from separate species or genera based upon an arbitrary level of sequence divergence at a marker locus, typically the 18S rDNA ribosomal gene [6].
Since we made a few somewhat arbitrary choices when defining divergence features, we performed an post hoc analysis to see if simply tuning those parameters would significantly affect the prediction accuracy.
For the latter, D T <0.01 has been commonly used as an arbitrary criterion for a single "simultaneous" divergence event (e.g., [ 3, 5, 6]).
Different degrees of divergence can be thought of as arbitrary 'stages' of evolutionary divergence [29] [31].
This arbitrary threshold was selected based on the observation that intraspecific divergences observed in a variety of groups rarely exceed this value [12] [16].
Indeed for arbitrary vectors x k,u k, it is relatively straightforward to find such sequences and prove divergence.
The method is formulated for an arbitrary inner product, so that the pressure cannot be eliminated by Galerkin projections on a divergence-free basis.
The KL-divergence is a natural distance measure from a "true" probability distribution P to an arbitrary probability distribution Q.
