I would add we should also be concerned with innovation that really has no social value, like financial products the sole purpose of which is to skirt regulation or dodge taxes.But it becomes a slippery slope when we arbitrarily label some profitable and job producing industries as frivolous and unimportant.
For a polyploid accession with two alleles at each locus, we can arbitrarily label each allele as "A" or "B" but the "A" alleles do not necessarily share the same parental origin.
Represent each pair by setting T i - 1 binary variables Note, that we are only interested in the origin of the children's haplotypes, rather than in the origin of i's haplotypes, so the p and m can arbitrarily label either haplotype.
Completely irrational and unjustifiable as it is, I do feel energised by the ending of one essentially arbitrarily labelled set of 365 days and the beginning of another.
Here, X a and X b express state zero, and the remaining states are arbitrarily labeled X 1, X 2, and X 3. The exponent of N indicates the number of information bits set to "1" that causes the transition to occur, and the exponent of D indicates the Hamming weight on the transition.
There are three types of color charge, arbitrarily labeled blue, green, and red.
Some US states allow holders of this credential to officiate marriage, on the basis that separation of church and state precludes the government from arbitrarily labeling one denomination religiously valid but another an ordination mill.
To avoid confusions, we arbitrarily labelled the gene with the lowest Gene ID the sense gene and its partner gene the antisense gene.
In our previous P. aeruginosa population structure study a UPGMA dendrogram, based on the comparison of the composite data set consisting of 4 markers in 73 strains, revealed 7 distinct clonal complexes, arbitrarily labelled CC A to CC G [13].
For the five samples for which no uvrA sequence information was obtained, sequences of the remaining seven genes were also assigned allele numbers according to the website, but STs were arbitrarily labelled as Lus1-4, because the Borrelia MLST website can only define STs if eight housekeeping genes are available.
Starting with the genomic amplicons, the sequenced clones were almost equally divided between two clusters (arbitrarily labeled A and B on Figure 4) based on intron length, intergenic spacer size, and sequence differences in both non-coding and coding regions (Figure 3, 4, 5).
