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Every Aramco well is fitted with an adjustable steel choke that restricts a standard 3-inch-diameter well bore down to a quarter-inch or less.
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Aramco drills some wells solely to install high-tech sensor gear deep in a rock formation.
"A strike or a shutdown is a very real risk if the U.S. goes to war in Iraq," Mr. Stauffer said, adding that "Aramco's staff is well aware of the risk".
Aramco's oldest operating well, Ain Dar 1, was drilled in 1948.
She threw herself into her work, installing sensor systems in Aramco's pipeline network as well as deep within the wells of Ghawar, the world's biggest oilfield.
The chokes on its wells give Aramco the unique ability to increase output at a moment's notice.
In the Haradh-III subsection of Ghawar, brought online in 2006, Aramco used only 32 wells to achieve 300,000 barrels a day of capacity.
Other big oil companies like Royal Dutch Shell have been actively developing such smart well systems, but Aramco's engineers are pushing further.
By determining the net present value of the marginal barrel that a well will produce, Aramco decides which chokes to open or tighten and where the most efficient expansions will be.
Unlike most private companies, Aramco has invested in observation wells that monitor its reservoirs in real time.
Because of the wide range of lateral variations of the physical properties, carbonate reservoirs often have poor or no porosity/permeability correlation which will increase the complication in building capillary pressure models for non-cored wells (Buiting and Aramco 2011; Guo et al. 2007; Ibrahim 2009).
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