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The numerical simulations agree well with available experimental data and theoretical approximations where applicable.
To the author's knowledge, there is no previous work on oscillator first-passage time approximations where the excitation is assumed to have a time-varying mean.
We use the Chapman Enskog solution procedure of successive approximations, where the single-particle velocity distribution is assumed to be nearly Maxwellian both translationally and rotationally, as assumed by McCoy et al. (1966).
The conditions under which the various special cases hold are derived especially with regard to steady state approximations where the simpler film model for mass transfer may be used.
The normal stress is calculated from mixed mode local stress intensity factors, which are calculated by first-order approximations, where crack surface irregularity, crack front non-straightness and crack closing force acting at ridges between cleavage facets are considered.
Examples of transition metal and lanthanide clusters in the range M3, M4, M6, M9, M12 and M16 will be discussed, with magnetic properties interpreted using fully isotropic models in some cases, and approximations where spin state calculations exceed the computer's capacity to handle the enormous matrices involved.
Similar(51)
Finally, the derivative of the affine curvature by the arc-length is computed at point i as a simple finite difference approximation: where L i is the approximate affine arc-length of the segment connecting point i − 1 to point i + 1.
The HSPM approximates two-phase flow by a single-phase approximation where the single-phase effective properties are determined from the properties of the two phases.
In the first approximation, where you work to the first power of everything, this will be your Δf.
The model is based on a Rayleigh Ritz approximation where the number of degrees of freedom equals the number of structural members in the resonator.
A halt in midspeech, an extra tap on the piano's pedal, a suggestion of doubt and degree, of resonance and approximation, where straight, flat surfaces are the norm.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com