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Now using the isophote orientation vectors (f i s o,x,f i s o,y ) at each pixel, we obtain the following noise-resistant approximation of the second directional derivative of the curvature in the isophote direction K_{zetazeta} approx f^{2}_{iso,x}K_{xx} + 2f_{iso,x}f_{iso,y}K_{xy} + f^{2}_{iso,y}K_{yy} (11).
One key task is choosing k large enough so that the approximation of the second derivative with respect to second differences is accurate over the range [α0, α j ].
The notch was well captured in the results shown in Fig. 4, but the algorithm does not render the gap in midsystole for small values of PWV (Fig. 4 A ). Finally, the approximation of the second part of systole by a second-order polynomial yielded estimates of SBP with a mean error ≤2 mmHg.
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On the plus side, they actually delivered something listenable, even if it is a slightly more grey-sounding approximation of the first album.
Using the received microphone signals, an approximation of the second-order statistics can be obtained from a block of input data of length.
By computing a particular solution of the linear system for an approximation of the second-order derivatives (f_{xx}), we arrive at the parametric representations presented in Fig. 1.
This is also reflected by the good approximation of the first two moments, see Table 9.
Nevertheless, it is able to compute a good approximation of the first two moments.
As argued earlier, the CFO estimator of (13) or (14a) is an approximation of the first order level.
In this case, as an approximation of the first hitting time (tau,) we may choose the midpoint (widetilde{tau }=(t_n+t_{n+1})/2).
Two versions of the STO estimation technique will be presented, the second one being an approximation of the first one, making it less complex yet also less precise.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com