Sentence examples for approximation is known from inspiring English sources

A different approximation is known as the common amplitude modulation (CAM) [22], which assumes that the amplitude envelopes of different harmonics from the same source tend to be similar.

According to[32], using Newton's method, the computational complexity of calculating a root of a function a(x) with c-digit precision, provided that a good initial approximation is known, is O((logc)F(c) where F(c) is the cost of calculating a(x)/a ′ (x) with c-digit precision.

Although this approximation is known since de 90's, it is noteworthy and remarkable that so few laser beams have ever been described with it [ 28– 30].

For all tests for which the null distribution or its approximation is known, we used that distribution to compute p values.

Comparison of the diffusion approximation t ˜ 2, QLE (p ; p 0 ) to sojourn-time distributions obtained from stochastic simulations shows a very good agreement, except at the boundary p = 0. There, the continuous solution of the diffusion approximation is known to provide a suboptimal fit to the discrete distribution.

These strongly coupled cyclic structures, in their linear approximation, are known to possess pairwise double-degenerate natural frequencies with orthogonal normal modes.

In addition, it avoids numerical instabilities for which the diffusion and kinematic wave approximations are known.

The matrix B can be chosen in an (almost) arbitrary way, but if eigenvector or subspace approximations are known, the use of these will speed up convergence.

While the DFT formula for the nuclear-electron energy term with the so called external potential, v r1) ≡ -ΣA = 1,…,MZArA1-1, V ne ρ r 1 = - ∑ A = 1, …, M Z A ∫ ρ r 1 r A 1 - 1 d r 1 = ∫ ρ r 1 v r 1 d r 1, Open image in new window (3). is extremely simple and analytically 100% accurate, the other two are very difficult algebraically, and only approximations are known today.

Since gradient-based optimization critically relies on the accuracy of the first derivatives and finite difference approximations are known to be inappropriate for ODEs [ 28], the first derivatives were calculated by solving the so-called sensitivity equations [ 27].

In this approximation, which is known as the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) approximation, each MO is constructed from a superposition of atomic orbitals belonging to the atoms in the molecule.