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The kinematic dynamo approximation describes the generation of magnetic field in a prescribed flow of electrically-conducting liquid.
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To generate artificial profiles, the sinusoidal approximation described by Feng et al. [14] can be used.
The EAM potential is an approximation describing the energy between two atoms, and it is particularly appropriate for metallic systems.
In fact, rainbows are, to a first approximation, described by the focusing of sunlight on these surfaces following its refraction and reflection through raindrops.
To this end and based on the approximation described above, the samples |y k [ 0] | and |y k [ 2M] | are used as estimations of the channel amplitudes.
As an example of a set of parameters where such Nash equilibria exist, we refer to the benchmark IEEE 14-bus power system in DC approximation described above.
In [5], the normalized and offset MMSA schemes (13) (14) are proposed to compensate the loss of the above approximation, described as follows.
We show in this section that another form of approximation provides closer results in this case, and that this approximation is actually based on the exact same coefficients as the asymptotic approximation described above.
It must be pointed out that the 2-output approximation described in Section 3 is pivotal to a low-complexity implementation of EOP, ROP, or UOP in the CNU.
Instead of using an exact EM algorithm over circular data, we perform an online -means approximation described in [11] which is originally used for building a mixture of Gaussian distribution.
Based on the Fermi-Dirac integral approximation described above, the electron carrier density can be obtained as follows: n = E g k B T 4 − 9 π 2 t 1 t 2 cos p π n + 1 a cc 2 ℑ − 1 2 η F (13).
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