Such a reduction simplifies the actual system of reactions by merging or approximating intermediate steps and omitting reactants such as transient complexes.
All three projects adopted systematic methodologies to address this barrier, approximating the steps of the Medical Research Council (UK) guidelines for the development of 'complex' interventions (Craig et al., 2008).
Nonetheless we estimated apparent melting points from all the melting curves by approximating single-step unfolding, and these results are summarized in Supp.
Figure 7 gives the step responses of the transfer functions up to 1 ms. Since a DC fault initiated incident voltage wave approximates a step change, the step responses of the transfer functions are corresponding to time domain simulations of DC faults at the cable terminal.
Currently, 3D topographies are often simply approximated by steps with adapted widths and heights which resemble provisional and quasi-3D contours.
To do so, we reduced this model, in a first step, into a 3-dimensional piecewise linear differential model where the Hill functions have been approximated by step functions, and, in a second step, into a 2-dimensional piecewise linear differential model by setting one autonomous variable as a constant in each domain of the phase space.
Suboptimal algorithms such as the truncated PASA can be used here to obtain an approximate step size in Eq. (37).
In the second geometry, ORB2, the inner and outer electrodes of the Orbitrap were replaced by an approximate step structure which follows the profile of the Orbitrap electrodes.
In this method, solution structures for test and trial functions are constructed using approximate step functions such that the interface conditions are satisfied, even if there are no nodes on the material interface boundary.
A pattern of approximate stepping stone expansions originating in different refugia could promote the formation of genetic sectors even in the absence of dispersal barriers.
