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These components include transmission and reflection subwavelength diffraction gratings characterized by spatially −varying groove directions and fill factors, with the microrelief period and depth remaining approximately unchanged.

But Gilbert Metcalf, a professor of economics at Tufts, has shown how revenue from a carbon tax could be used to reduce payroll taxes in a way that would leave the distribution of total tax burden approximately unchanged.

After adjusting the gas and liquid flow rates based on the gas recirculation, the increased liquid viscosity mainly reduced the solid holdups while gas holdups were approximately unchanged.

If the treated semi-dry FGD waste was transferred (at zero revenue) as additive to a cement industry, the levelized cost of energy of the power plant would remain approximately unchanged.

The results show that the membrane properties are significantly affected by the bromination processes: benzyl-substitution will enhance the ion exchange capacity and water content, while the aryl-substitution will decrease the water content with approximately unchanged ion exchange capacity.

In contrast, simulating the application of an appropriate irrigation scheduling through adjusting the cut-off time led to an approximately unchanged DU but BWUF greatly increased and DP reduced to 10% on average.

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On the other hand, upon adsorption of BH3, the energy of HOMO approximately remains unchanged while the LUMO decreases, resulting in a little decrease in the energy gap of system.

When |ϵ| is small enough, by the property p R (r|b, d ≠ 0) ≈ p R (r|b, d = 0), it is easily understood that P e approximately remains unchanged for different dither value.

Although the K m value of mutant T166A/E539K against d-glucose was also decreased, its decreased k cat (from 6.1 s‒1 to 2.9 s‒1) accounted for the approximately nearly unchanged catalytic efficiency.

For those who develop OSCC, the overall 5- year survival rate is approximately 50%, unchanged over the last 30 years[1].

When the coal temperature is in isothermal equilibrium, the volume of coal is either recovered or maintained unchanged approximately.

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