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Non-cylindrical helix geometry was well approximated through the variable arc lengths and linear variations in curvatures via shape functions.
In this context, the spatial and the temporal rainfall variability represents a significant issue, especially for basins in which the rainfall field cannot be approximated through the use of a single station.
First, the search direction was approximated through the correlations provided by ensemble members.
The enumeration is approximated through the orthogonality of these two metrics.
The unobservable part of the state variables is approximated through the implicit integration method with trapezoidal rule [13].
Due to the deviation angle ( {tilde{theta}}_{qi} ) of each scattered signal is relatively small, ( {mathbf{A}}_qleft {theta}_q+{tilde{theta}}_{qi}right) ) in (20) can be approximated through the first-order Taylor series expansion: {mathbf{A}}_qleft {theta}_q+{tilde{theta}}_{qi}right)approx {mathbf{A}}_qleft {theta}_qright)+{tilde{theta}}_{qi}dleft {theta}_qright) (21).
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Desired precision can be simply approximated through tuning the length of binary string.
The model distribution of the traffic average rate was approximated through a rate estimator and the marking algorithm determined the behaviour of the traffic marking probability as red, yellow and green.
The cadavers were classified into 3 groups by BMI, which was approximated through visual estimation by the orthopedic surgeon performing the dissections.
The densities P(S j t = k), k = 0,…, p j may be approximated through a reduction to the normal distribution, according to the central limit theorem.
Using Equation (31), the configurations in boldface type of Table 3 for the DQ scheme and Figure 9, we can state that σ e 2 in both GQ and DQ feedback schemes can be approximated through LSs fitting by the following expression: σ e 2 = k ⋅ 1 0 p C, (32).
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