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where n user is the interference from the desired user, which is approximated into a Gaussian random variable.
For example, a time series of 16 data points long may be approximated into three levels: low level, medium level, and high level.
In decomposition-based approach the signal is approximated into small TF functions derived from translating, modulating, and scaling a basis function having a definite time and frequency localization.
The transformation from crack bridging stress into COD has been linearized, where the continuous crack bridging stresses functions of infinite dimensional vector spaces were approximated into finite dimensional subspaces.
The multivariable system is decomposed by ideal decoupler to develop effective open loop transfer function (EOTF) and then it is approximated into first order plus dead time (FOPDT) model.
Fortunately, by using the algorithm based on SCGP proposed in Section 4.3, this non-convex problem can be approximated into a series of standard geometric programs (GP), which can be solved by common GP solvers.
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This scheme, recently introduced in [24, 25] has the advantage that the amplitudes of overlapping partials can be approximated taking into account the partials of the other candidates for a given combination.
As a result, geomechanical constraints are approximated and put into the optimization model OPTUGS.
Results are reported for the case in which the fluid does not adhere to the upstream-tube surface but does adhere to the smaller-tube surface, which approximates flow into the tubes of shell-and-tube heat exchangers and reactors.
A large class of dynamic systems can be decomposed into or approximated by cascaded subsystems.
In particular, in process control and systems biology, many control problems can be modeled as, transformed into, or approximated by polynomial control systems.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com