Therefore, the P-value is approximated by computing a limited number of permutations, say N, and then computing the fraction of the N permutation values that are at least as extreme as the test statistic.
In the standard multistage differential transform method (MsDTM) for solving differential equations with integer order, the initial condition y i ( t i ) can be approximated by computing s i − 1, n i − 1 ( t i ).
The overall topography of the DE was approximated by computing distance 1 minus distance 5 difference potentials, and measuring the mean amplitude of the 140 180, 180 240, and 240 320 ms intervals over electrodes f7, f8, f3, f4, t7, t8, c3, c4, p3, p4, p7 and p8.
In this case, the critical time step size is approximated for each finite element by computing the elemental wave speed.
The total relative cost for all the strategies is estimated by computing the approximate area under control functions with daily costs computed by dividing the total costs by the number of days where nonzero controls are applied [ 20].
The large number of remaining replicate arrays allowed us to calculate an approximate "gold standard" statistic, tgold, by computing the standard t-statistic over the set of 20 remaining replicates.
The algorithm moves from to by computing the joint approximate Gaussian log-likelihood for based on (8).
This program calculates the three-dimensional path of DNA molecules and estimates the segment curvature by computing the radius of the arc approximating to the path of the axis of the DNA fragment.
We approximate the calculation of high local contrast content by computing the local standard deviation.
An approximate rate of entry into long-lived desensitized states was determined by computing the inverse of the product of the cluster duration times the cluster open probability: k*+D = (τcPo)−1 (Table S3).
