This is in contrast to the SVDMOR method where input and output terminal responses are approximated by SVD at the same time, which can lead to large errors when the numbers of inputs and outputs are quite different.
After looking into the simulation results for low and moderate background levels, we can see that the SDGN model can be approximated by SIGN at high background levels (i.e. the difference in performance in terms of BER between the SIGN and SDGN models is decreasing by increasing the background level, which is 1 dB at BER = 10-3 for λ = 10 dB).
The optimal magnetization may be approximated by magnetization inclined at a constant angle to the axis and by a combination of axially and radially magnetized sections.
In the VBM, the fluid potential in the expression of the kinetic energy is approximated by its value at the free surface plus a linear combination of vertical potential profiles with horizontal spatially dependent functions as coefficients.
Therefore, our approach is most suited for the class of functions with low sample complexity [13], where the output can be accurately approximated by looking only at a small fraction of the database.
For repetitive processes in a steady state, the experience curve can be linearly approximated by its tangent at the flat end of the power function (ESM of Appendix A.1).
Note that this has been constructed using a matched asymptotic expansion, using (17), and is valid in the limit τ → 0. For weak forcing, where ε ≪ 1, P 1, 2 vary slowly through the kick and can be approximated by their values at ( θ n, ρ n ) so that to O ( ε 2 ) θ n + 1 = [ θ n + T + ε P 1 ( θ n, ρ n ) + σ λ ( ρ n + ε P 2 ( θ n ) ) ( 1 − e − λ T ) ] mod 1, (24).
This derivation assumes that total energy input and loss within the system can be approximated by their values at the radius of maximum wind.
In practice, it may be difficult to invariably establish paired individuals of different genotypes, so this design may be approximated by distributing individuals at low densities on plates for subsequent growth into colonies.
Instead, the phase integration metric can be approximated by the phase at the center the digital confocal pinhole.
