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So, we first investigate the primal objective function and approximate it with a series of convex ones.
Through the above analysis, the original problem is non-convex, but we can approximate it with convex functions.
Since the nonlinear gradient consists the complex Lambert W-function, a mathematical formulation is derived to approximate it with conventional logarithmic functions.
The refractive index of a typical dielectric is often times described with a Cauchy model, yet since it is constant over a wide wavelength range, we approximate it with n = const (=2 here) and k = 0.
Given that the realistic confinement potential for a square-patterned 2D semiconductor quantum dot is complicated, it makes sense to approximate it with simpler forms that possess circular symmetry if the loss of accuracy is not prohibitive.
The integral is quite complicated to evaluate and even more complicated to use in actual equipment, and we therefore approximate it with begin{aligned} p_{av}(mathbf{v}) = beta max left[ frac{1-c}{sqrt{(2pi)^{M} det(mathbf{R})}} exp left(- frac{mathbf{v}(n)^{T} mathbf{R}^{-1} mathbf{v}(n)}{2} right), frac{c}{ b-a)^{ b-aight], end{aligned} (6).
Similar(48)
This evolution omits the numerical solution of the underlying PDE and successfully approximates it with a rule-based evolution.
The techniques in [29] avoid the need to compute the Fokker Planck PDE numerically, instead approximating it with analytically known solutions.
As a matter of fact, in our numerical calculation we will neglect the role of the shape of the Fermi surface, approximating it with a sphere.
As pointed out by the authors of [9], their automatic technique might represent a physical brushstroke by approximating it with (i.e., by splitting it on) several separated brushstrokes.
There is no analytical solution, so in this case we approximated it with 10SSA simulations.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com