Collection of the human specimens was approved by the ethics committee of the National Research Centre (Giza, Egypt), and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval for collection of animal samples was obtained from St Jude Children's Research Hospital (Memphis, TN, USA).
Howard University Institutional Review Board granted the ethical approval of Tumor collection procedures for the study.
Ethical approval for collection of patient stool samples and use of experimental animals for the experimental procedures was obtained from the Scientific and Ethical Review Office, EPHI (006/2003).
The ethical approval for collection of swab samples was granted by Human Research Ethics Committee (Medical), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (Ethical permit number M011138).
All ethical approvals for protocols, including IACUC approval for collection of the samples, were obtained for this study.
Approval for collection of archival tissue samples from colorectal cancer patients was obtained from the Ethical Review Board of University Maastricht, the NCR and PALGA.
The Institutional Review Board of Texas A&M University granted approval for collection of these data, and we obtained permission from schools, students, and parents where appropriate, for publication.
The Malawi National Health Science Research Committee provides general oversight and approval for collection and use of programmatic data for monitoring and evaluation and improvement of service delivery.
All patients gave written, informed consent for the collection of tissue samples, and approval for collection was obtained from the local research ethics committee.
(The FISC's approval of the mass collection of data on Americans was one of Edward Snowden's revelations).
