For Nixon, the approval rating constituted a major, if gradual slide.
"The problem is what constituted approval," the retired C.I.A. official said.
Consistent with Code of Federal Regulations section 46.101, this work was considered exempt from requiring IRB approval as it constituted "research involving the use of educational tests (cognitive, diagnostic, aptitude, achievement), survey procedures, interview procedures or observation of public behavior" and included data collected without participant identification.
Within this ethico-legal framework, all human genetic research requires the approval of an appropriately constituted IRB.
The survey was conducted by the Regional Medical Research Centre after obtaining approval from the Scientific Advisory Committee constituted by the Indian Council of Medical Research and ethical requirements were followed.
Linking the datasets is not routine, and requires approval from a properly constituted ethics committee (see [ 5]) and permission from all relevant data custodians.
The sample might include Indigenous health workers and other staff in these health centres and a random sample of health centre clients, subject to the specific aims of the research and the approval of an appropriately constituted research ethics committee.
This goes against the worrying trend over the past few years, in which the idea has caught on that talking to bad guys is itself bad; as if mere talk constitutes approval, or legitimisation.
Mr. Di Rita said the 24 interrogation procedures permitted at Guantánamo, four of which required Mr. Rumsfeld's explicit approval, did not constitute torture and were consistent with international treaties.
On the question of who signed off the payments, he said he had discussions with Mr Thompson about Mr Byford's exit but insisted there was "nothing at all that could constitute approval by me".
