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By adding appropriate signalling factors, aggregates of pluripotent stem cells (which have the ability to develop into any cell type) can differentiate and self-organize into structures that resemble certain regions of the human brain5 7.
Thus, similarly to what has been described for ephrins [17] and netrins [18], a metalloproteinase activity is required to achieve the appropriate signalling of semaphorins.
It has been postulated that specific sterols that are absent from, or are present at abnormally low levels in, the mutants and are required for appropriate signalling for cell division and expansion.
Under the correct cellular circumstances, Transcription Factors (TF's), in coordination with transcriptional co-factors, ligands, the appropriate signalling cascade and a receptive chromatin structure, will bind to a target gene's promoter region culminating in a targeted gene expression response.
Cell fate choices of stem cells can be actively promoted by the manipulation of appropriate signalling pathways; for example exploitation of the Notch and SMAD signalling pathways can be used to direct ES cells to differentiate along the neural lineage [9], [10], [11].
By the modulations of appropriate signalling pathways, desired neuron subtypes can be obtained, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide genetically matched neurons for treating patients.
Similar(48)
Lymphocytes are mainly a dormant population, awaiting the appropriate signals to be stirred to action.
That would send an appropriate signal to Israel without offering any linkage, or comfort, to Saddam Hussein.
It then transmits appropriate signals to the brain that result in the perception of a smell.
Each application requires customized algorithms and appropriate signal processing capabilities.
By successive probing of the appropriate signals in the GF1, the prober can localize the defect.
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