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Open laparotomy and vaginal approaches were excluded.
Women for whom no date of LMP was estimated after several attempts using various approaches were excluded from analysis.
Studies using less precise non-parametric or not generally recognized genetic mapping approaches were excluded to maximise comparability.
All interventions had to be supervised by health professionals; therefore, home-based programs, telephone monitoring interventions, and cognitive approaches were excluded.
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Although patients were treated in two different university hospitals, which might have resulted in a hospital bias, the possibility of patient selection for one of both approaches was excluded in this way because each hospital only used one surgical approach (i.e., open or laparoscopic).
Further, cohort studies that failed to evaluate risk factors using a multivariable approach were excluded given the multitude of possible confounding variables.
Both prospective and retrospective cohorts were included, but those using a case control ('two-gate') approach were excluded as these have been previously shown to exaggerate diagnostic accuracy estimates.
Hip resurfacings and implants with rarely used head diameters (24, 26, 30, and 40 mm; n = 140), 20 hips with missing data on head diameter, and 487 hips with uncertain information on the type of surgical approach were excluded.
But the approach is excluded from federal financing by a provision in the N.I.H.'s annual appropriations bill, and federal money could not even be used to study any resulting stem cells, since President Bush's Aug. 9 directive prevents the use of federal funds for research into any stem cells not already in existence at the time of his speech.
Because clinicians were not aware of biomarker results, an effect of decision making for the obstetric approach was excluded.
6) In the Discussion section: Several EEG and fMRI studies of temporal order memory (some using an RSA approach) are excluded but should be cited and/or discussed (Hsieh, 2011, Journal of Neuroscience; Hsieh et al., 2014, Neuron; Ezzyat and Davachi, 2014, Neuron).
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