Due to the potential benefits of augmenting binding to FcγRs and the resultant enhanced innate immune cell function, investigators have utilized multiple approaches to engineer mAbs including glyco-engineering and mutating amino acids within the Fc region.
In particular, several approaches to engineer the nonlinear properties of artificial materials, metamaterials and metasurfaces have been introduced.
In this article, we review the physics and chemistry of quantum dot surfaces and describe approaches to engineer optimal fluorescent probes for applications in biomolecular imaging and sensing.
In recent years, several key steps have been identified at the molecular level, enabling us to initiate transgenic approaches to engineer the transition metal content of plants.
The treatment of large, non-healing bone defects remains a clinical challenge, and has driven efforts toward the development of new approaches to engineer vascularized bone grafts.
Somatic cell reprogramming, directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, and direct conversions between differentiated cell lineages represent powerful approaches to engineer cells for research and regenerative medicine.
