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Various approaches of normalization were proposed in the literature [ 37, 14, 38, 32].
In contrast to quantification of mRNA levels by rt-PCR, which relies on the consistency of single housekeeping genes, the array technique allows more elaborate approaches of normalization.
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Each method has a fundamentally different approach of normalization between samples.
We also provided examples in which the "routine" approach of normalization (on TIC or the vector norm) produces artifacts.
Methods for statistical analysis of gene expression microarrays are maturing rapidly, and there are a variety of approaches to normalization, detection of differential expression, clustering, and class prediction [ 1].
In addition, lack of standardized approaches to normalization and data analysis can influence the outcome of research.
In addition, an approach for normalization of gene family data using incomplete genome data was developed and applied in M. perniciosa genome survey.
Here, we offer an approach to normalization of expression signal values into a binary mode corresponding to different conditions, which makes expression profiles on different arrays directly compatible.
In addition, we provide an approach for normalization of gene family data in a genome survey that can aid the genomics community interested in functional analysis in incomplete genome data.
Another approach of the normalization of binding energies introduced by Lauro et al. (2011) was studying docking of multiple ligands against multiple proteins.
Furthermore, the representation is very similar to that of the complete proteomes of the three plant pathogenic Phytophthora species suggesting that our approach of cDNA normalization, coupled with deep sequencing, provided a near complete representation of the P. ultimum transcriptome.
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