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Using Eq. (14), we obtain lim t → ∞ 〈 A 〉 σ = lim t → ∞ N 〈 σ 2 〉 = { N R 0 if R 0 > 1, N 2 if R 0 = 1, 0 otherwise ( R 0 < 1 ). Figure 10 illustrates the jump to a non-zero steady state when the critical value R 0 = 1 is approached from below, and the divergence in variance when it is approached from above.
However, there is a completely different behavior when the critical line (A = - B) is approached from below (Maxwell-Boltzmann collimation) of from above (degenerate gas collimation).
In this case the position of the critical point can be defined by the threshold (approached from below) of this characteristics.
The expected uncertainty exactly at the threshold will still be 0.5, but it will be approached from below that value from the left and from above that value from the right when the number of negatives in the populations (or the ease of their classification) exceeds the number of positives.
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Viewers standing on the pit's rim will have a kind of panoramic aerial view, while those approaching from below, at ground level, will find the same landscape rising around and over them as they walk between "waves".
Sharks circle their prey, disconcertingly appearing seemingly out of nowhere and frequently approaching from below.
When potential prey is discovered, sharks circle it, appearing seemingly out of nowhere and frequently approaching from below.
Clusters that appear when linking populations with a JSD distance smaller than a distance threshold T, for increasing values of T approaching from below the percolation threshold.
A cassette of ten AG-2 aerial grenades was provided to deter any fighters approaching from below.
The global minimum is approached from above and below by generating converging sequences of upper and lower bounds.
It's going to have to be approached from the ground up, and below is a list of 7 things that will help attract the younger workforce to manufacturing.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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