The simulation was carried out using a RANS approach, with the cubic k-ε low Reynolds turbulence closure of Lien et al. The numerical simulation was able to verify the air performance of the fan and was used to derive blade-to-blade distributions of design parameters such as flow deviation, velocity components, specific work and diffusion factor of the optimized blade.
A statistical thermodynamic approach, with the Cubic-Plus-Association equation of state, is employed to model the phase equilibria.
Using the loss function approach with linear, quadratic and cubic loss functions, the machine group selection problem is solved.
The adaptive random search algorithm and its modification coupled with penalty function′s approach, and the finite difference methods with cubic spline approximation are utilized by "OPT-PROx" package (http://tomakechoice.com/optprox/index.html).html
The growth mechanisms of nonlinear buckle-delamination patterns from straight-sided to telephone cord and network-like blisters have been studied using a continuum modeling and simulation approach, which was extended to deal with cubic anisotropic elasticity in thin films.
Briefly, the adjacent RR interval data were interpolated using a piecewise cubic spline approach, with a 2 Hz sampling rate.
Nanoindentation tests revealed that the hardness and elastic modulus of cubic boron nitride films increased with cubic phase content and approached approximately 50 and 250 GPa, respectively, for the case of 96% cubic phase, while those of turbostratic boron nitride films were load and loading rate dependent and as low as 1.5 and 30 GPa, respectively.
The proposed approach is implemented on case studies of systems with cubic stiffness and dry friction elements.
To compare quantitatively the explicit nucleation algorithm with the Langevin force approach, a cubic → tetragonal transformation is considered in two dimensions.
An engineering approach is suggested by considering a single-degree-of-freedom system with cubic stiffness non-linearity.
