Moreover, the error plot of our approach is lower than that of MILTrack.
The computational load required at each individual element to solve the distributed approach is lower than its centralized counterpart since fewer variables are considered.
It was observed that the overall reflectance (wavelength range 300 1,100 nm) of c-Si wafer textured using conventional NaOH-IPA approach was lower than that using the proposed NaOH NaOCl approach.
From the graphs, it is clear that the detection error for the 'weighted kappa coefficient' approach is lower than that of the six selected detectors for any value of r in the examined range.
From Table 3, we see that when the EVM constraint is not active, the complexity of the new approach is lower than that of SDP WANG and higher than that of RCF.
That is, the hybrid approach showed properties analogous to those for line locations (i.e., the hybrid approach yields more correctly decoded closed lines than GIMME stand-alone, although the overall success rate of the hybrid approach is lower than for GIMME).
However, the use of OpenLR as part of it also introduces a higher number of false positives than GIMME stand-alone, which is the reason why the success rate of the hybrid approach is lower than for GIMME, though (cf. Eq. 2).
Figure 8a-d presents the tracking results of the four trackers and we can see from Figure 8e, f that the RMSE of our approach is lower than that of the other three trackers, especially obvious when the vehicle turns between frames 30 and 40.
Errors by the automated FMLR approach are lower than those achieved by manual integration, which requires much more operator intervention.
However, the recurrence rates called significant by our approach are lower than expected from the literature (15 % and 75%%).
