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A major advantage of using Kane's (2006) argument-based approach to validity is that it "provides a relatively pragmatic approach to validation" (Kane 2012, p. 15).
Fig. 1 Four inferences in Kane's argument-based approach to validation (adapted from Kane, Crooks, & Cohen 1999).
Roever's instrument can be further improved when viewed from the perspective of an argument-based approach to validation.
The CML approach to validation [11] consists of several steps, e.g., CML Schema, CML convention, CML dictionary validations, and so on.
An alternative approach to validation might include the use of inventory-based NPP datasets where available, which provide complete spatial coverage [105].
Our approach to validation is strongly informed by test-driven development (TDD), a well-used methodology for building modern software systems [37].
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At least five approaches to validation are feasible.
There are two complementary approaches to validation (see also Figure 2).
Traditional approaches to validation are based on a comparison of results with what is called a gold standard.
To represent a common methodology for enabling comparison between interdisciplines, the different approaches to validation have to be merged, analysed, and evaluated.
By considering entire distributions, this approach generalizes traditional approaches to validation that focus only on the mean behaviors of predictions and observations.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com