The presented estimation-based localization approach provides estimates of the fruit positions in the presence of fruit detection errors and unknown fruit motion, and it is based on a new sensing procedure that uses multiple (⩾2) inexpensive monocular cameras.
The particle filter with the sampling density given by the functional approach provides estimates that are closer to exact filtering probability density function in terms of point estimates.
While the simplified approach provides estimates of the fragment impulse, it does not provide their detailed pressure-time history, which requires knowledge of the fragment shapes and penetration depths.
Thus, the objectives of this study are both to comprehensively describe this large-scale modeling approach, providing estimates of pollution and crop production in the region as well as to present strengths and weaknesses of integrated modeling at such a large scale along with how it can be improved on the basis of the current modeling structure and results.
Their approach provides estimates of how many outages will occur across a region as a hurricane is approaching.
A prevalence-based approach provides estimates of costs for the total population for one year, or costs accumulated over a longer time horizon [ 34].
The first approach provides measures of ecological segregation along the fundamental environmental envelope that discriminate most among the taxa (cf. additional file 7, and Table 5), whereas the second approach provides estimates of the realized degree of segregation between locations.
The three approaches provided estimates of a similar order of magnitude, as shown at Additional file 1.
Although these approaches provide estimates of species richness within a given community, they are unable to resolve the true genetic diversity contained within microbial populations.
Such quantitative genetic approaches provide estimates of several genetic parameters that underlie phenotypic variation, including the number of loci, the type and magnitude of their effects, interactions between genes (epistasis), and gene by environment interactions.
