This group of defaulters seems refractory to the conventional approach of treatment supervision; social and cultural factors that might play a role need to be explored.
The training also helped Trask develop his individual leadership style, with a fairly flexible approach to supervision of 12 Ph.D. students and one postdoc.
Management Sciences for Health (MSH) is implementing formative supervision, an innovative approach to supervision of reproductive health care that involves the community, in Senegal.
The importance of a coordinated approach to supervision from the health system perspective is key if universal health coverage is to be achieved in an equitable manner and with services of sufficient quality [ 26].
A semi-structured interview guide is used to elicit open-ended reflections on their approach to supervision, their experience of helpful and unhelpful supervision, good and poor supervisory relationships, their understanding of how supervision builds competence in supervisees and better outcomes for their clients, and factors that influence supervision effectiveness.
A significant approach for supervision is the evaluation of critical incidents in hospitals or primary care practices [ 12].
Nursing managers also complained that clinic supervisors had a top-down approach to supervision and were prescriptive of what needed to be done in the clinics.
Her approach to supervision was largely that of being an open and available support to the peer counsellors, especially in relation to what she perceived as the emotional vulnerability embedded in the task.
One of the earliest examples is taken from the 1980s in Brazil, where adoption of a self-assessment approach to supervision at a community-based family planning distribution program not only improved performance, but also increased the number of providers supervised and reduced the cost of supervision [ 10].
As noted above (Lee, 2008), central to many of the new approaches to supervision was the idea of enculturation into a disciplinary community (whether it was a single discipline or multi/transdisciplinary); this approach was integrated with emancipation in which graduate students found their professional 'voice' (Lee, 2008).
